Probiotic effects of Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica: Antibacterial, immune stimulation and modulation of gut microbiota composition was written by Wasana, Withanage Prasadini;Senevirathne, Amal;Nikapitiya, Chamilani;Lee, Jong-Soo;Kang, Do-Hyung;Kwon, Kae Kyoung;Oh, Chulhong;De Zoysa, Mahanama. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.Product Details of 85721-33-1 This article mentions the following:
This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the probiotic properties of a newly isolated marine bacterium, strain S6031. The isolated strain was identified as Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica. In vivo experiments were conducted with P. ruthenica-immersed larvae and P. ruthenica-enriched Artemia fed to adult zebrafish. Disease tolerance of larval zebrafish against Edwardsiella piscicida was demonstrated by 66.34% cumulative per cent survival (CPS) in the P. ruthenica-exposed group, which was higher than the CPS of the control (46.67%) at 72 h post challenge (hpc). Heat-stressed larvae had 55% CPS in the P. ruthenica-immersed group, while the control had 30% CPS at 60 hpc. Immune-stress response gene transcripts (muc5.1, muc5.2, muc5.3, alpi2, alpi3, hsp70, and hsp90a) were induced, while pro-inflammatory genes (tnf伪, il1b, and il6) were downregulated in P. ruthenica-immersed larvae compared to the control. This trend was confirmed by low pro-inflammatory and high stress-responsive protein expression levels in P. ruthenica-exposed larvae. Adult zebrafish had higher CPS (27.2%) in the P. ruthenica-fed group than the control (9.52%) upon E. piscicida challenge, suggesting increased disease tolerance. Histol. anal. demonstrated modulation of goblet cell d. and average villus height in the P. ruthenica-supplemented group. Metagenomics anal. clearly indicated modulation of alpha diversity indexes and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the P. ruthenica-supplemented zebrafish gut. Furthermore, increased Firmicutes colonisation and reduced Bacteroidetes abundance in the gut were observed upon P. ruthenica supplementation. Addnl., this study confirmed the concentration-dependent increase of colony dispersion and macrophage uptake upon mucin treatment. In summary, P. ruthenica possesses remarkable functional properties as a probiotic that enhances host defense against diseases and thermal stress. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 85721-33-1Product Details of 85721-33-1).
1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 85721-33-1) belongs to piperazine derivatives. Industrial applications of piperazine include the manufacture of plastics, resins, pesticides and brake fluids. Outside the body, piperazine has a remarkable power to dissolve uric acid and producing a soluble urate, but in clinical experience it has not proved equally successful. Product Details of 85721-33-1
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Piperazines – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics